Following the Rules
Introduction
Why Slide Rules?
Chapter Topics
1
Review of the Logarithm
1.1
Exponents and Powers
1.2
Logarithms and Log Scales
1.3
Multiplication and Division
1.4
Keeping Track of Decimal Places
1.5
Scientific Notation
1.6
Short Examples
1.7
Raising Numbers to Powers
1.8
Another Example
1.9
Change of Base
1.10
Summary Thus Far
2
Computing Logarithms
2.1
A Word About Bases
2.2
The Natural Logarithm
2.3
The Base of the Natural Logarithm
2.4
Computing Natural Logarithms
2.5
Computing Common Logarithms
2.6
Summary
3
Slide Rule ABC’s and D’s
3.1
Basic Multiplication and Division
3.2
Squares and Square Roots
3.3
Gauge Marks
3.4
Cubes and Cube Roots – the K Scale
3.5
The Log Scale – L
3.6
Inverse and Folded Scales
3.7
Trigonometric Scales
3.8
Log-Log Scales
3.9
Hyperbolic Trigonometric Scales
3.10
Special Rules and Scales
3.11
More Information
4
The Collection in Photos
4.1
Years 1800-1899
4.2
Years 1900-1909
4.3
Years 1910-1919
4.4
Years 1920-1929
4.5
Years 1930-1939
4.6
Years 1940-1949
4.7
Years 1950-1959
4.8
Years 1960-1969
4.9
Years 1970-1979
5
Slide Rule Makers
5.1
Aristo, Dennert & Pape, Germany
5.2
Blundell Rules Limited, UK
5.3
Charvoz-Roos, USA
5.4
Concise, Japan
5.5
Dietzgen, USA
5.6
Faber, Faber-Castell, Germany
5.7
Felsenthal, USA
5.8
Gilson, Richardson, USA
5.9
Hemmi, Japan
5.9.1
Exclusively Sun Hemmi
5.9.2
Made for Frederick Post Co., USA
5.9.3
Made for Others
5.10
Keuffel and Esser, USA
5.11
Koch, Huxhold and Hanneman, Germany
5.12
Kolesch and Company, USA
5.13
Lawrence / Engineering Instruments, USA
5.14
Nestler, Germany
5.15
Pickett, USA
5.16
Post, USA
5.17
Relay-Ricoh, Japan
5.18
Sterling, Acu-Rule, Festus, USA
5.19
Thornton, UK
5.20
Other Rules
5.21
Unidentified
5.22
Texas Instruments Slide Rule Calculator
6
Special Groupings
6.1
Most Recent Additions
6.2
Oldest Rules
6.3
Youngest Rules
6.4
Significant Rules
6.5
Specialty Slide Rules
6.5.1
Barrel Gauging and Excise Taxation Rules
6.5.2
Aviation Slide Rules
6.5.3
Chemical Slide Rules
6.5.4
Electro Slide Rules
6.5.5
Electronics Slide Rules
6.5.6
Engraving/Proportions Slide Rules
6.5.7
Military Slide Rules
6.5.8
Spring Design Slide Rules
6.5.9
Stadia (Surveying) Slide Rules
6.5.10
Weight Calculation Slide Rules
6.5.11
Other Specialty Slide Rules
6.6
Non-Linear and Long-Scale Rules
6.7
Numerous Scales
6.8
Pocket Rules
6.9
Vector Hyperbolic Rules
6.10
K&E Rules by Model
6.11
Post Rules by Model
6.12
Rules for Beginners
7
Books, Manuals, and Sheets
8
Vignettes
8.1
A Favorite Rule
8.2
Rules to the Moon
8.3
The Original 4083
8.4
K+E Beginner’s Rules
8.5
America’s Earliest Slide Rule
8.6
The Early American Favorite
8.7
Chicago Rules
8.8
Rules of
Engrave
ment
8.9
Out of Proportions
8.9.1
Ratio Aspects
8.9.2
Specialty Rules
8.9.3
Special Chemistry
8.10
Power Rules
8.10.1
The Power of Logarithms
8.10.2
Roget’s Log-Log Scale
8.10.3
Creating a Log-Log Scale
8.10.4
Mixed-Base Log-Log Scales
8.10.5
Segmented Log-Log Scales
8.10.6
Reciprocal Log-Log Scales
8.10.7
Examples of Circular Log-Log Scales
8.10.8
Applications and Examples
8.11
Fermi’s Golden (Slide) Rule
8.12
Rule Change 4092-3
8.13
The Long and Short of It
8.14
An Early Home-Made Spring Calculation Slide Rule
8.14.1
R. K. Baetzmann
8.14.2
Spring Calculations
8.14.3
The Scale Set
8.14.4
Comments on Accuracy
8.14.5
Final Remarks
8.15
Spring Calcs Eternal
8.15.1
The Sandish Scale
8.15.2
The Baetzmann Slide Rule
8.15.3
Spring Rule Makers
8.16
A K+E Rule of Mystery
8.17
Lt. Shaw’s 4097D
8.18
K+E Mystery Rules Update
8.19
Carpenters
vs.
Engineers
8.19.1
A Carpenter’s Rule
8.19.2
An Engineer’s Rule
8.19.3
Comments on Scale Development
8.20
Gauging and Excise Tax Slide Rules
8.20.1
Gauging the Contents of a Barrel
8.20.2
Volume Calculation Examples
8.20.3
Ullaging a Barrel or Cask
8.20.4
The Malt Depth Scale
8.20.5
Proof Calculations
8.21
Slide Rules for the Sikes Hydrometer
8.21.1
Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle
8.21.2
The Sikes Hydrometer
8.21.3
A typical measurement
8.21.4
Assessing a Tax
8.22
Stadia Rules
8.22.1
The Stadia Measurement
8.22.2
Horizontal Displacement and Vertical Rise
8.22.3
Stadia Slide Rule Scales
8.22.4
A Stadia Rule Example
8.22.5
Stadia Rule Variations
8.23
Following the Balloons
8.24
Getting to the Root
8.25
A Boykin Discovery
8.26
Dietzgen Rosenthal Nestler Prototype
8.26.1
The Rosenthal Scale
8.26.2
The Nestler Connection
8.27
Helical Slide Rules
8.27.1
The Otis King
8.27.2
The Fuller Calculator
8.28
British Thornton Special Scales
8.28.1
Differential Trig Scales
8.28.2
The Sd and Td Scales
8.28.3
The ISd and ITd Scales
8.28.4
Pythagorian Scales
8.29
Vector/Hyperbolic Calculations
8.29.1
Phasor Diagrams
8.29.2
Hyperbolic Trigonometric Functions
8.29.3
Connections to Standard Trigonometric Functions
8.29.4
Multiplication of Complex Numbers
8.29.5
Functions of Complex Numbers
8.29.6
A Vector Calculation on a Slide Rule
8.29.7
Trig in Polar Coordinates
8.30
Hemmi 153 Scales
Appendices
A
Short Slide Rule History
B
Common Slide Rule Scales
C
Collection Scale Sets
C.1
Distinct Scale Sets
C.1.1
Front Scales
C.1.2
Back Scales
C.2
Scale Set of Each Rule
D
Some Collection Statistics
E
Searchable Table
F
Collection Data Sheets
F.1
Data Sheet MJS-p-0051
F.2
Data Sheet MJS-p-0307
F.3
Data Sheet MJS-p-0215
F.4
Data Sheet MJS-p-0289
F.5
Data Sheet MJS-p-0274
F.6
Data Sheet MJS-p-0041
F.7
Data Sheet MJS-p-0194
F.8
Data Sheet MJS-p-0220
F.9
Data Sheet MJS-p-0275
F.10
Data Sheet MJS-p-0233
F.11
Data Sheet MJS-p-0075
F.12
Data Sheet MJS-p-0282
F.13
Data Sheet MJS-p-0167
F.14
Data Sheet MJS-p-0225
F.15
Data Sheet MJS-p-0065
F.16
Data Sheet MJS-p-0193
F.17
Data Sheet MJS-p-0288
F.18
Data Sheet MJS-p-0291
F.19
Data Sheet MJS-p-0317
F.20
Data Sheet MJS-p-0198
F.21
Data Sheet MJS-p-0076
F.22
Data Sheet MJS-p-0261
F.23
Data Sheet MJS-p-0002
F.24
Data Sheet MJS-p-0069
F.25
Data Sheet MJS-p-0149
F.26
Data Sheet MJS-p-0077
F.27
Data Sheet MJS-p-0078
F.28
Data Sheet MJS-p-0079
F.29
Data Sheet MJS-p-0080
F.30
Data Sheet MJS-p-0238
F.31
Data Sheet MJS-p-0005
F.32
Data Sheet MJS-p-0200
F.33
Data Sheet MJS-p-0172
F.34
Data Sheet MJS-p-0047
F.35
Data Sheet MJS-p-0256
F.36
Data Sheet MJS-p-0081
F.37
Data Sheet MJS-p-0082
F.38
Data Sheet MJS-p-0083
F.39
Data Sheet MJS-p-0227
F.40
Data Sheet MJS-p-0084
F.41
Data Sheet MJS-p-0035
F.42
Data Sheet MJS-p-0205
F.43
Data Sheet MJS-p-0244
F.44
Data Sheet MJS-p-0247
F.45
Data Sheet MJS-p-0196
F.46
Data Sheet MJS-p-0217
F.47
Data Sheet MJS-p-0203
F.48
Data Sheet MJS-p-0245
F.49
Data Sheet MJS-p-0006
F.50
Data Sheet MJS-p-0230
F.51
Data Sheet MJS-p-0206
F.52
Data Sheet MJS-p-0085
F.53
Data Sheet MJS-p-0303
F.54
Data Sheet MJS-p-0147
F.55
Data Sheet MJS-p-0295
F.56
Data Sheet MJS-p-0270
F.57
Data Sheet MJS-p-0271
F.58
Data Sheet MJS-p-0086
F.59
Data Sheet MJS-p-0087
F.60
Data Sheet MJS-p-0067
F.61
Data Sheet MJS-p-0254
F.62
Data Sheet MJS-p-0280
F.63
Data Sheet MJS-p-0088
F.64
Data Sheet MJS-p-0038
F.65
Data Sheet MJS-p-0072
F.66
Data Sheet MJS-p-0007
F.67
Data Sheet MJS-p-0157
F.68
Data Sheet MJS-p-0191
F.69
Data Sheet MJS-p-0089
F.70
Data Sheet MJS-p-0301
F.71
Data Sheet MJS-p-0249
F.72
Data Sheet MJS-p-0090
F.73
Data Sheet MJS-p-0257
F.74
Data Sheet MJS-p-0163
F.75
Data Sheet MJS-p-0042
F.76
Data Sheet MJS-p-0036
F.77
Data Sheet MJS-p-0211
F.78
Data Sheet MJS-p-0228
F.79
Data Sheet MJS-p-0266
F.80
Data Sheet MJS-p-0250
F.81
Data Sheet MJS-p-0264
F.82
Data Sheet MJS-p-0226
F.83
Data Sheet MJS-p-0151
F.84
Data Sheet MJS-p-0218
F.85
Data Sheet MJS-p-0058
F.86
Data Sheet MJS-p-0298
F.87
Data Sheet MJS-p-0299
F.88
Data Sheet MJS-p-0224
F.89
Data Sheet MJS-p-0070
F.90
Data Sheet MJS-p-0043
F.91
Data Sheet MJS-p-0091
F.92
Data Sheet MJS-p-0092
F.93
Data Sheet MJS-p-0318
F.94
Data Sheet MJS-p-0073
F.95
Data Sheet MJS-p-0188
F.96
Data Sheet MJS-p-0246
F.97
Data Sheet MJS-p-0093
F.98
Data Sheet MJS-p-0008
F.99
Data Sheet MJS-p-0150
F.100
Data Sheet MJS-p-0152
F.101
Data Sheet MJS-p-0063
F.102
Data Sheet MJS-p-0094
F.103
Data Sheet MJS-p-0095
F.104
Data Sheet MJS-p-0009
F.105
Data Sheet MJS-p-0096
F.106
Data Sheet MJS-p-0097
F.107
Data Sheet MJS-p-0098
F.108
Data Sheet MJS-p-0099
F.109
Data Sheet MJS-p-0234
F.110
Data Sheet MJS-p-0177
F.111
Data Sheet MJS-p-0176
F.112
Data Sheet MJS-p-0010
F.113
Data Sheet MJS-p-0315
F.114
Data Sheet MJS-p-0011
F.115
Data Sheet MJS-p-0100
F.116
Data Sheet MJS-p-0101
F.117
Data Sheet MJS-p-0062
F.118
Data Sheet MJS-p-0102
F.119
Data Sheet MJS-p-0103
F.120
Data Sheet MJS-p-0104
F.121
Data Sheet MJS-p-0178
F.122
Data Sheet MJS-p-0105
F.123
Data Sheet MJS-p-0056
F.124
Data Sheet MJS-p-0106
F.125
Data Sheet MJS-p-0061
F.126
Data Sheet MJS-p-0311
F.127
Data Sheet MJS-p-0197
F.128
Data Sheet MJS-p-0156
F.129
Data Sheet MJS-p-0313
F.130
Data Sheet MJS-p-0012
F.131
Data Sheet MJS-p-0235
F.132
Data Sheet MJS-p-0059
F.133
Data Sheet MJS-p-0321
F.134
Data Sheet MJS-p-0064
F.135
Data Sheet MJS-p-0107
F.136
Data Sheet MJS-p-0108
F.137
Data Sheet MJS-p-0109
F.138
Data Sheet MJS-p-0110
F.139
Data Sheet MJS-p-0111
F.140
Data Sheet MJS-p-0199
F.141
Data Sheet MJS-p-0112
F.142
Data Sheet MJS-p-0113
F.143
Data Sheet MJS-p-0286
F.144
Data Sheet MJS-p-0306
F.145
Data Sheet MJS-p-0114
F.146
Data Sheet MJS-p-0207
F.147
Data Sheet MJS-p-0115
F.148
Data Sheet MJS-p-0160
F.149
Data Sheet MJS-p-0201
F.150
Data Sheet MJS-p-0213
F.151
Data Sheet MJS-p-0013
F.152
Data Sheet MJS-p-0014
F.153
Data Sheet MJS-p-0208
F.154
Data Sheet MJS-p-0302
F.155
Data Sheet MJS-p-0015
F.156
Data Sheet MJS-p-0116
F.157
Data Sheet MJS-p-0016
F.158
Data Sheet MJS-p-0241
F.159
Data Sheet MJS-p-0071
F.160
Data Sheet MJS-p-0117
F.161
Data Sheet MJS-p-0183
F.162
Data Sheet MJS-p-0181
F.163
Data Sheet MJS-p-0118
F.164
Data Sheet MJS-p-0017
F.165
Data Sheet MJS-p-0018
F.166
Data Sheet MJS-p-0179
F.167
Data Sheet MJS-p-0186
F.168
Data Sheet MJS-p-0187
F.169
Data Sheet MJS-p-0259
F.170
Data Sheet MJS-p-0019
F.171
Data Sheet MJS-p-0189
F.172
Data Sheet MJS-p-0119
F.173
Data Sheet MJS-p-0020
F.174
Data Sheet MJS-p-0021
F.175
Data Sheet MJS-p-0273
F.176
Data Sheet MJS-p-0268
F.177
Data Sheet MJS-p-0153
F.178
Data Sheet MJS-p-0049
F.179
Data Sheet MJS-p-0182
F.180
Data Sheet MJS-p-0068
F.181
Data Sheet MJS-p-0195
F.182
Data Sheet MJS-p-0044
F.183
Data Sheet MJS-p-0192
F.184
Data Sheet MJS-p-0255
F.185
Data Sheet MJS-p-0209
F.186
Data Sheet MJS-p-0066
F.187
Data Sheet MJS-p-0251
F.188
Data Sheet MJS-p-0022
F.189
Data Sheet MJS-p-0023
F.190
Data Sheet MJS-p-0159
F.191
Data Sheet MJS-p-0045
F.192
Data Sheet MJS-p-0168
F.193
Data Sheet MJS-p-0290
F.194
Data Sheet MJS-p-0284
F.195
Data Sheet MJS-p-0276
F.196
Data Sheet MJS-p-0148
F.197
Data Sheet MJS-p-0120
F.198
Data Sheet MJS-p-0248
F.199
Data Sheet MJS-p-0231
F.200
Data Sheet MJS-p-0300
F.201
Data Sheet MJS-p-0229
F.202
Data Sheet MJS-p-0190
F.203
Data Sheet MJS-p-0310
F.204
Data Sheet MJS-p-0121
F.205
Data Sheet MJS-p-0122
F.206
Data Sheet MJS-p-0285
F.207
Data Sheet MJS-p-0252
F.208
Data Sheet MJS-p-0040
F.209
Data Sheet MJS-p-0184
F.210
Data Sheet MJS-p-0123
F.211
Data Sheet MJS-p-0221
F.212
Data Sheet MJS-p-0074
F.213
Data Sheet MJS-p-0237
F.214
Data Sheet MJS-p-0267
F.215
Data Sheet MJS-p-0162
F.216
Data Sheet MJS-p-0214
F.217
Data Sheet MJS-p-0262
F.218
Data Sheet MJS-p-0155
F.219
Data Sheet MJS-p-0236
F.220
Data Sheet MJS-p-0242
F.221
Data Sheet MJS-p-0239
F.222
Data Sheet MJS-p-0240
F.223
Data Sheet MJS-p-0124
F.224
Data Sheet MJS-p-0125
F.225
Data Sheet MJS-p-0126
F.226
Data Sheet MJS-p-0169
F.227
Data Sheet MJS-p-0127
F.228
Data Sheet MJS-p-0057
F.229
Data Sheet MJS-p-0037
F.230
Data Sheet MJS-p-0052
F.231
Data Sheet MJS-p-0034
F.232
Data Sheet MJS-p-0060
F.233
Data Sheet MJS-p-0128
F.234
Data Sheet MJS-p-0055
F.235
Data Sheet MJS-p-0243
F.236
Data Sheet MJS-p-0305
F.237
Data Sheet MJS-p-0129
F.238
Data Sheet MJS-p-0204
F.239
Data Sheet MJS-p-0222
F.240
Data Sheet MJS-p-0039
F.241
Data Sheet MJS-p-0130
F.242
Data Sheet MJS-p-0281
F.243
Data Sheet MJS-p-0294
F.244
Data Sheet MJS-p-0053
F.245
Data Sheet MJS-p-0024
F.246
Data Sheet MJS-p-0253
F.247
Data Sheet MJS-p-0320
F.248
Data Sheet MJS-p-0277
F.249
Data Sheet MJS-p-0260
F.250
Data Sheet MJS-p-0131
F.251
Data Sheet MJS-p-0132
F.252
Data Sheet MJS-p-0054
F.253
Data Sheet MJS-p-0033
F.254
Data Sheet MJS-p-0133
F.255
Data Sheet MJS-p-0134
F.256
Data Sheet MJS-p-0164
F.257
Data Sheet MJS-p-0135
F.258
Data Sheet MJS-p-0278
F.259
Data Sheet MJS-p-0314
F.260
Data Sheet MJS-p-0312
F.261
Data Sheet MJS-p-0296
F.262
Data Sheet MJS-p-0025
F.263
Data Sheet MJS-p-0136
F.264
Data Sheet MJS-p-0137
F.265
Data Sheet MJS-p-0026
F.266
Data Sheet MJS-p-0027
F.267
Data Sheet MJS-p-0174
F.268
Data Sheet MJS-p-0283
F.269
Data Sheet MJS-p-0028
F.270
Data Sheet MJS-p-0202
F.271
Data Sheet MJS-p-0139
F.272
Data Sheet MJS-p-0138
F.273
Data Sheet MJS-p-0308
F.274
Data Sheet MJS-p-0219
F.275
Data Sheet MJS-p-0269
F.276
Data Sheet MJS-p-0263
F.277
Data Sheet MJS-p-0158
F.278
Data Sheet MJS-p-0258
F.279
Data Sheet MJS-p-0297
F.280
Data Sheet MJS-p-0161
F.281
Data Sheet MJS-p-0216
F.282
Data Sheet MJS-p-0140
F.283
Data Sheet MJS-p-0141
F.284
Data Sheet MJS-p-0029
F.285
Data Sheet MJS-p-0319
F.286
Data Sheet MJS-p-0048
F.287
Data Sheet MJS-p-0142
F.288
Data Sheet MJS-p-0180
F.289
Data Sheet MJS-p-0165
F.290
Data Sheet MJS-p-0154
F.291
Data Sheet MJS-p-0046
F.292
Data Sheet MJS-p-0170
F.293
Data Sheet MJS-p-0173
F.294
Data Sheet MJS-p-0293
F.295
Data Sheet MJS-p-0292
F.296
Data Sheet MJS-p-0143
F.297
Data Sheet MJS-p-0030
F.298
Data Sheet MJS-p-0031
F.299
Data Sheet MJS-p-0223
F.300
Data Sheet MJS-p-0287
F.301
Data Sheet MJS-p-0279
F.302
Data Sheet MJS-p-0175
F.303
Data Sheet MJS-p-0309
F.304
Data Sheet MJS-p-0144
F.305
Data Sheet MJS-p-0171
F.306
Data Sheet MJS-p-0001
F.307
Data Sheet MJS-p-0145
F.308
Data Sheet MJS-p-0004
F.309
Data Sheet MJS-p-0146
F.310
Data Sheet MJS-p-0212
F.311
Data Sheet MJS-p-0210
F.312
Data Sheet MJS-p-0185
F.313
Data Sheet MJS-p-0265
F.314
Data Sheet MJS-p-0304
F.315
Data Sheet MJS-p-0232
F.316
Data Sheet MJS-p-0032
F.317
Data Sheet MJS-p-0316
F.318
Data Sheet MJS-p-0050
F.319
Data Sheet MJS-p-0166
F.320
Data Sheet MJS-p-0272
F.321
Data Sheet MJS-p-0003
G
Data Frame Properties
Site Tips
About this Web Site
About the Author
References
Published with bookdown
Following the Rules —
A Slide Rule Collection
C.2
Scale Set of Each Rule
The table below is ordered by
Maker
, then by
Model
, then by
Year
.